Urine Test Strip Analyzer

The BioAid^® urine test strip analyzer is designed for semi-quantitative urinalysis when used with BioAid^® Urinalysis Reagent Strips. The system provides clinicians with critical data for assessing metabolic, renal, and urinary tract health through precise measurement of 14 key parameters:

• Glucose • Bilirubin • Ketones (acetoacetic acid) • Specific gravity• Blood (hemoglobin) • pH • Protein • Urobilinogen • Leukocytes • Ascorbic acid • Nitrite • Creatinine • Microalbumin • Calcium

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The urine test strip analyzer supports:

Early screening of diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis

Evaluation of kidney filtration efficiency and acid-base balance

Detection of urinary tract infections (UTI) via leukocyte/nitrite analysis

Monitoring of liver function through bilirubin/urobilinogen levels

1. What is a urinalysis?

A urinalysis is a set of tests that looks at the appearance of your pee (urine) and checks for blood cells, proteins and other substances in it. You provider might use it as a routine screening test or to look for signs of infection, kidney or liver disease, diabetes or other health conditions.

A lot of people know a urinalysis as simply "the test where you pee in a cup." And usually, that's all you need to do for your part. Then your provider sends your sample to a lab, where they note its appearance, test it for certain substances (urine dipstick) and look at it under a microscope. Often, providers can do a simple urine dipstick test in their office and get the results right away.

2. What does a urinalysis test for?

A urinalysis can include a description of the sample's appearance (visual exam), a dipstick test and microscopic exam. Your provider won't necessarily order all the tests listed. Which tests the lab performs depend on what your provider is looking for.

Visual exam

A healthcare professional looks at the color, clarity and anything else they see with the naked eye in a visual exam. The description might include:

● Color. Normal pee color is usually some shade of yellow and can range from colorless or pale yellow to deep amber. This can depend on how concentrated or diluted (watery) your pee is.

● Clarity. They'll note if your pee is clear or cloudy. They may also describe it as turbid (thick with suspended substances).

Dipstick test

Dipsticks are plastic strips with patches of chemicals that change color when they touch certain substances. Dipstick urinalysis tests might include:

● Acidity (urine pH). This measures the acid-base (pH) level in your pee. Kidney issues and urinary tract infections (UTI) can cause high urine pH. Diabetes-related ketoacidosis and diarrhea can cause low urine pH.

● Bilirubin. Liver or bile duct issues can lead to bilirubin in your pee.

● Blood (hemoglobin). Infections, damage in your urinary tract, high blood pressure and cancer can cause blood in your pee (hematuria).

● Glucose. A glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in your urine. Diabetes or gestational diabetes can cause glucose in your pee.

Ketones. Healthcare providers most often use ketone urine tests to check for diabetes-related ketoacidosis.

● Leukocyte esterase. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme that helps you fight infections. If a leukocyte esterase test is positive, you might have inflammation in your urinary tract, most often caused by a UTI.

● Nitrites. Bacteria in your urinary tract can create nitrites. A positive nitrite test result can mean you have a UTI.

● Protein. This measures the presence of proteins, like albumin, in your pee. Heart failure, kidney damage (often from high blood pressure or diabetes), overexertion and dehydration can lead to elevated protein levels.

● Urine specific gravity test. A specific gravity test shows the concentration of all chemical particles in your pee. Many conditions can cause abnormal results.

The dipstick results can be read by visual or urine analyzer.

Microscopic exam

Some substances in your pee can only be seen with a microscope. A microscopic exam can look for:

● Crystals. Certain types of crystals in your pee can be a sign of kidney stones.

● Epithelial cells. Your pee typically contains some epithelial cells from your urinary tract. These can be listed as transitional epithelial cells, renal tubular cells or squamous epithelial cells. Infection, inflammation or cancer in your urinary tract can cause high numbers of epithelial cells in your pee. If your results list squamous epithelial cells, it probably means your sample was contaminated from another part of your body.

● Bacteria, yeast and parasites (infections). Signs of infection in your pee can mean you have a UTI, yeast infection or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Bacteria and yeast from outside of your urinary tract can also contaminate the sample, especially for people with a vagina.

● Red blood cells (RBC). An elevated number of RBCs means there's blood in your pee - that you might not be able to see just by looking at it. In some cases, higher-than-normal levels of red blood cells in your urine may indicate bladder, kidney or urinary tract issues.

● Urinary casts: Your pee can sometimes contain tiny, tube-like particles (casts), made from protein released by your kidney cells. Certain types of casts may indicate kidney issues, while others are completely normal.

● White blood cells (WBC): An increased number of WBCs might mean there's an infection or inflammation somewhere in your urinary tract.

3. Why do I need urinalysis?

● As part of a routine medical exam to screen for certain health conditions.

● If you're experiencing symptoms of an infection, kidney disease or diabetes.

● To monitor certain health conditions.

● During pregnancy.

● If you've been admitted to a hospital.

● In preparation for surgery.

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