Urinalysis Sticks

The BioAid® urinalysis sticks are firm plastic strips onto which several separate reagent areas are affixed. The test is for the qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of one or more of the following analytes in urine: Leukocytes, Urobilinogen, Albumin at low concentrations also known as Microalbumin, Protein, Bilirubin, Glucose, Ascorbic Acid, Specific Gravity, Ketone, Nitrite, Creatinine, pH, Blood, Calcium. Refer to kit box label for the specific analyte(s) listed, and compare to the appropriate analyte(s) and color blocks on the color chart for results. And some combo can also be tested by BioAid® UA-201 urine analyzer.

Urine undergoes many changes during states of disease or body dysfunction before blood composition is altered to a significant extent. Urinalysis is a useful procedure as an indicator of health or disease, and as such, is a part of routine health screening. The Urinalysis Reagent Strips can be used in general evaluation of health, and aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of metabolic or systemic diseases that affect kidney function, endocrine disorders and diseases or disorders of the urinary tract.

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1. What is a urinalysis?

A urinalysis is a set of tests that looks at the appearance of your pee (urine) and checks for blood cells, proteins and other substances in it. You provider might use it as a routine screening test or to look for signs of infection, kidney or liver disease, diabetes or other health conditions.

A lot of people know a urinalysis as simply "the test where you pee in a cup." And usually, that's all you need to do for your part. Then your provider sends your sample to a lab, where they note its appearance, test it for certain substances (urine dipstick) and look at it under a microscope. Often, providers can do a simple urine dipstick test in their office and get the results right away.

2. What does a urinalysis test for?

A urinalysis can include a description of the sample's appearance (visual exam), a dipstick test and microscopic exam. Your provider won't necessarily order all the tests listed. Which tests the lab performs depend on what your provider is looking for.

Visual exam

A healthcare professional looks at the color, clarity and anything else they see with the naked eye in a visual exam. The description might include:

● Color. Normal pee color is usually some shade of yellow and can range from colorless or pale yellow to deep amber. This can depend on how concentrated or diluted (watery) your pee is.

● Clarity. They'll note if your pee is clear or cloudy. They may also describe it as turbid (thick with suspended substances).

Dipstick test

Dipsticks are plastic strips with patches of chemicals that change color when they touch certain substances. Dipstick urinalysis tests might include:

● Acidity (urine pH). This measures the acid-base (pH) level in your pee. Kidney issues and urinary tract infections (UTI) can cause high urine pH. Diabetes-related ketoacidosis and diarrhea can cause low urine pH.

● Bilirubin. Liver or bile duct issues can lead to bilirubin in your pee.

● Blood (hemoglobin). Infections, damage in your urinary tract, high blood pressure and cancer can cause blood in your pee (hematuria).

● Glucose. A glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in your urine. Diabetes or gestational diabetes can cause glucose in your pee.

Ketones. Healthcare providers most often use ketone urine tests to check for diabetes-related ketoacidosis.

● Leukocyte esterase. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme that helps you fight infections. If a leukocyte esterase test is positive, you might have inflammation in your urinary tract, most often caused by a UTI.

● Nitrites. Bacteria in your urinary tract can create nitrites. A positive nitrite test result can mean you have a UTI.

● Protein. This measures the presence of proteins, like albumin, in your pee. Heart failure, kidney damage (often from high blood pressure or diabetes), overexertion and dehydration can lead to elevated protein levels.

● Urine specific gravity test. A specific gravity test shows the concentration of all chemical particles in your pee. Many conditions can cause abnormal results.

The dipstick results can be read by visual or urine analyzer.

Microscopic exam

Some substances in your pee can only be seen with a microscope. A microscopic exam can look for:

● Crystals. Certain types of crystals in your pee can be a sign of kidney stones.

● Epithelial cells. Your pee typically contains some epithelial cells from your urinary tract. These can be listed as transitional epithelial cells, renal tubular cells or squamous epithelial cells. Infection, inflammation or cancer in your urinary tract can cause high numbers of epithelial cells in your pee. If your results list squamous epithelial cells, it probably means your sample was contaminated from another part of your body.

● Bacteria, yeast and parasites (infections). Signs of infection in your pee can mean you have a UTI, yeast infection or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Bacteria and yeast from outside of your urinary tract can also contaminate the sample, especially for people with a vagina.

● Red blood cells (RBC). An elevated number of RBCs means there's blood in your pee - that you might not be able to see just by looking at it. In some cases, higher-than-normal levels of red blood cells in your urine may indicate bladder, kidney or urinary tract issues.

● Urinary casts: Your pee can sometimes contain tiny, tube-like particles (casts), made from protein released by your kidney cells. Certain types of casts may indicate kidney issues, while others are completely normal.

● White blood cells (WBC): An increased number of WBCs might mean there's an infection or inflammation somewhere in your urinary tract.

3. Why do I need urinalysis?

● As part of a routine medical exam to screen for certain health conditions.

● If you're experiencing symptoms of an infection, kidney disease or diabetes.

● To monitor certain health conditions.

● During pregnancy.

● If you've been admitted to a hospital.

● In preparation for surgery.

Allow the strip, urine specimen, and/or controls to reach room temperature (15-30ºC) prior to testing. Gently wash the genital area thoroughly with soap and water then rinse well prior to testing.

1. Remove the strip from the closed canister and use it as soon as possible. Immediately close the canister tightly after removing the required number of strip(s). Completely immerse the reagent areas of the strip in fresh, well-mixed urine and immediately remove the strip to avoid dissolving the reagents.

2. While removing the strip from the urine, run the edge of the strip against the rim of the urine container to remove excess urine. Hold the strip in a horizontal position and bring the edge of the strip into contact with an absorbent material (e.g. a paper towel) to avoid mixing chemicals from adjacent reagent areas and/or soiling hands with urine.

3. Compare the reagent areas to the corresponding color blocks on the color chart at the specified times. Hold the strip close to the color blocks and match carefully.

Note:

• Always hold the strip close to the color chart and compare carefully.
• Do not read results after 2 minutes from the specified times.
• Do not read results if color changes only appear along the edge of the reagent areas.

* Can be tested by UA-201 urine analyzer

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